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  • Cipro-Teva 2 mg/ml
    / Abic


    Active Ingredient
    Ciprofloxacin (as lactate) 2 mg/ml

    Status in Israel
    RX

    Presentation and Status in Health Basket

    Presentation Basket Yarpa Pharmasoft

    Solution for Infusion

    100 ml

    not in the basket chart

    Solution for Infusion

    200 ml

    not in the basket chart

    Related information


    Dosage

    The dosage is determined by the indication, the severity and the site of the infection, the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of the causative organism(s), the renal function of the patient and, in children and adolescents the body weight.
    The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the illness and on the clinical and bacteriological course.
    After intravenous initiation of treatment, the treatment can be switched to oral
    treatment with tablet or suspension if clinically indicated at the discretion of the
    physician. I.V. treatment should be followed by oral route as soon as possible.
    In severe cases or if the patient is unable to take tablets (e.g. patients on enteral nutrition), it is recommended to commence therapy with intravenous ciprofloxacin until a switch to oral administration is possible.
    Treatment of infections due to certain bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
    Acinetobacter or Staphylococci) may require higher ciprofloxacin doses and coadministration with other appropriate antibacterial agents.
    Treatment of some infections (e.g. pelvic inflammatory disease, intra-abdominal
    infections, infections in neutropenic patients and infections of bones and joints) may require co-administration with other appropriate antibacterial agents depending on the pathogens involved.
    For adults and paediatric population doses: please refer to the attached doctor’s leaflet.
    Elderly patients: Elderly patients should receive a dose selected according to the severity of the infection and the patient`s creatinine clearance.
    Patients with renal and hepatic impairment: Recommended starting and maintenance doses for patients with impaired renal function: Please refer to table 3 at the attached doctor’s leaflet.
    In patients with impaired liver function no dose adjustment is required.
    Dosing in children with impaired renal and/or hepatic function has not been studied.
    Method of administration: Ciprofloxacin solution for infusion should be checked visually prior to use. It must not be used if cloudy.
    Ciprofloxacin should be administered by intravenous infusion. For children, the
    infusion duration is 60 minutes.
    In adult patients, infusion time is 60 minutes for 400 mg Ciprofloxacin solution for infusion and 30 minutes for 200 mg Ciprofloxacin solution for infusion. Slow infusion into a large vein will minimise patient discomfort and reduce the risk of venous irritation.
    The infusion solution can be infused either directly or after mixing with other
    compatible infusion solutions.
    See prescribing information for full details.


    Indications

    Adults: Broad spectrum antibiotic for infections caused by ciprofloxacin sensitive pathogens.
    Children and adolescents:
    • Broncho-pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis caused by Pseudomonas
    aeruginosa
    • Complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis
    • Inhalation anthrax (post-exposure prophylaxis and curative treatment)
    Ciprofloxacin may also be used to treat severe infections in children and adolescents when there is no other alternative.
    Treatment should be initiated only by physicians who are experienced in the
    treatment of cystic fibrosis and/or severe infections in children and adolescents.


    Contra-Indications

    Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient, to other quinolones or to one of the
    excipients.
    Concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin and tizanidine.


    Special Precautions

    Severe infections and mixed infections with Gram positive and anaerobic pathogens: Ciprofloxacin monotherapy is not suited for treatment of severe infections and infections that might be due to Gram positive or anaerobic pathogens. In such infections ciprofloxacin must be co-administered with other appropriate antibacterial products.
    Streptococci infections (including which Streptococcus pneumoniae): Ciprofloxacin is not recommended for the treatment of streptococci infections due to inadequate efficacy.
    Genital tract infections: Epididymo-orchitis and pelvic inflammatory diseases may be caused by fluoroquinolone resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    For epididymo-orchitis and pelvic inflammatory diseases, empirical ciprofloxacin should only be considered in combination with another appropriate antibacterial agent (e.g. a cephalosporin) unless ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be excluded. If clinical improvement is not achieved after 3 days of treatment, the therapy should be reconsidered.
    Intra-abdominal infections: There is limited data available on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of postsurgical intra-abdominal infections.
    Travellers’ diarrhoea: The choice for ciprofloxacin should take into account information on resistance to ciprofloxacin in relevant pathogens in the countries visited.
    Infections of the bones and joints: Ciprofloxacin should be used in combination with other antimicrobial products depending on the results of the microbiological documentation.
    Inhalation Anthrax: Use in humans has been based on in-vitro susceptibility data and on animal experimental data together with limited human data. Treating physicians should refer to the national and/or international consensus documents regarding treatment of anthrax.
    Children and adolescents: The use of ciprofloxacin in children and adolescents should follow available official guidance. Ciprofloxacin treatment should be initiated only by physicians who are experienced in the treatment of cystic fibrosis and/or severe infections in children and adolescents.
    Ciprofloxacin has been shown to cause arthropathy in weight-bearing joints of
    immature animals. Safety data from a randomised double-blind study on ciprofloxacin use in children (ciprofloxacin: n = 335, mean age = 6.3 years; comparators: n = 349, mean age = 6.2 years; age range = 1 to 17 years) revealed an incidence of suspected drug-related arthropathy (discerned from joint-related clinical signs and symptoms) by Day +42 of 7.2% and 4.6%. Respectively, an incidence of drug-related arthropathy by 1-year follow-up was 9.0% and 5.7%. The increase of suspected drug-related arthropathy cases over time was not statistically significant between groups. Treatment should be initiated only after a careful benefit/risk evaluation, due to possible adverse events related to joints and/or surrounding tissue.
    Bronchopulmonary infections with cystic fibrosis: Clinical trials have included children and adolescents aged 5-17 years. More limited experience is available in treating children between 1 and 5 years of age.
    Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity and allergic reactions, including anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions, may occur following a single dose and may be lifethreatening. If such reaction occurs, ciprofloxacin must be discontinued and an adequate medical treatment is required.
    Vision disorders: If vision becomes impaired or any effects on the eyes are experienced, an eye specialist should be consulted immediately.
    Musculoskeletal system: Ciprofloxacin should generally not be used in patients with a history of tendon disease/disorder related to quinolone treatment. Nevertheless, in very rare instances, after microbiological documentation of the causative organism and evaluation of the risk/benefit balance, ciprofloxacin may be prescribed to these patients for the treatment of certain severe infections, particularly in the event of failure of the standard therapy or bacterial resistance, where the microbiological data may justify the use of ciprofloxacin.
    Tendinitis and tendon rupture (especially Achilles tendon), sometimes bilateral, may occur with ciprofloxacin, as soon as the first 48 hours of treatment. Inflammation and ruptures of tendon may occur even up to several months after discontinuation of ciprofloxacin therapy. The risk of tendinopathy may be increased in elderly patients or in patients concomitantly treated with corticosteroids.
    At any sign of tendinitis (e.g. painful swelling, inflammation), ciprofloxacin treatment should be discontinued. Care should be taken to keep the affected limb at rest.
    Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis,
    because symptoms can be exacerbated.
    Photosensitivity: Ciprofloxacin has been shown to cause photosensitivity reactions. Patients taking ciprofloxacin should be advised to avoid direct exposure to either extensive sunlight or UV irradiation during treatment.
    Central nervous system: Ciprofloxacin like other quinolones are known to trigger seizures or lower the seizure threshold. Cases of status epilepticus have been reported. Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in patients with CNS disorders which may be predisposed to seizure. If seizures occur ciprofloxacin should be discontinued.
    Psychiatric reactions may occur even after first administration of ciprofloxacin. In rare cases, depression or psychosis can progress to suicidal ideations/thoughts culminating in attempted suicide or completed suicide. In the occurrence of such cases, ciprofloxacin should be discontinued.
    Cases of polyneuropathy (based on neurological symptoms such as pain, burning, sensory disturbances or muscle weakness, alone or in combination) have been reported in patients receiving ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin should be discontinued in patients experiencing symptoms of neuropathy, including pain, burning, tingling, numbness, and/or weakness in order to prevent the development of an irreversible condition.
    Cardiac disorders: Caution should be taken when using fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, in patients with known risk factors for prolongation of the QT interval such as, for example:
    – congenital long QT syndrome
    – concomitant use of medicinal products that are known to prolong the QT
    interval (e.g. Class IA and III antiarrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants,
    macrolides, antipsychotics)
    – uncorrected electrolytes unbalance (e.g. hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia)
    – cardiac disease (e.g. heart failure, myocardial infarction, bradycardia)
    Elderly patients and women may be more sensitive to QTc-prolonging medications.
    Therefore, caution should be taken when using fluoroquinolones, including
    ciprofloxacin, in these populations.
    Hypoglycemia: As with other quinolones, hypoglycemia has been reported most often in diabetic patients, predominantly in the elderly population. In all diabetic patients, careful monitoring of blood glucose is recommended.
    Gastro-intestinal system: The occurrence of severe and persistent diarrhoea during or after treatment (including several weeks after treatment) may indicate an antibiotic-associated colitis (life-threatening with possible fatal outcome), requiring immediate treatment. In such cases, ciprofloxacin should immediately be discontinued, and an appropriate therapy initiated. Anti-peristaltic drugs are contraindicated in this situation.
    Renal and urinary system: Crystalluria related to the use of ciprofloxacin has been reported.
    Patients receiving ciprofloxacin should be well hydrated and excessive alkalinity of the urine should be avoided.
    Impaired renal function: Since ciprofloxacin is largely excreted unchanged via renal pathway dose adjustment is needed in patients with impaired renal function as described in section 4.2 at the attached doctor’s leaflet to avoid
    an increase in adverse drug reactions due to accumulation of ciprofloxacin.
    Hepatic and biliary system: Cases of hepatic necrosis and life-threatening hepatic failure have been reported with ciprofloxacin. In the event of any signs and symptoms of hepatic disease (such as anorexia, jaundice, dark urine, pruritus, or tender abdomen), treatment should be discontinued.
    Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency: Haemolytic reactions have been reported with the use of ciprofloxacin in patients with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Ciprofloxacin should be avoided in these patients unless the potential benefit is considered to outweigh the possible risk. In this case, potential occurrence of haemolysis should be monitored they must
    be monitored for the possible occurrence of haemolysis.
    Resistance: During or following a course of treatment with ciprofloxacin bacteria that demonstrate resistance to ciprofloxacin may be isolated, with or without a clinically apparent superinfection. There may be a particular risk of selecting for ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria during extended durations of treatment and when treating nosocomial infections and/or infections caused by Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species.
    Cytochrome P450: Ciprofloxacin inhibits CYP1A2 and thus may cause increased serum concentration of concomitantly administered substances metabolised by this enzyme (e.g. theophylline, clozapine, olanzapine, ropinirole, tizanidine, duloxetine). Coadministration of ciprofloxacin and tizanidine is contraindicated. Therefore, patients taking these substances concomitantly with ciprofloxacin should be monitored closely for clinical signs of overdose, and determination of serum concentrations (e.g. of theophylline) may be necessary.
    Methotrexate: The concomitant use of ciprofloxacin and methotrexate is not recommended.
    Interaction with tests: The in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis might give false negative bacteriological test results in specimens from patients currently taking ciprofloxacin.
    Reaction at the site of the injection: Local intravenous site reactions have been reported with the intravenous administration of ciprofloxacin. These reactions are more frequent if the infusion time is 30 minutes or less. These may appear as local skin reactions which resolve rapidly upon completion of the infusion. Subsequent intravenous administration is not contraindicated unless the reactions recur or worsen.
    Glucose Load: Ciprofloxacin 2 mg/ml solution for infusion contains 5 g glucose in 100 mL solution for infusion. This should be taken into account in patients with diabetes mellitus.
    Ciprofloxacin 2 mg/ml solution for infusion contains 10 g glucose in 200 mL solution for infusion. This should be taken into account in patients with diabetes mellitus.
    NaCl load for I.V. formulation (bottles): In patients for whom sodium intake is of medical concern (patients with congestive heart failure, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, etc.) the additional sodium load should be taken into account.


    Side Effects

    The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are nausea and
    diarrhoea.
    See prescribing information for full details.


    Drug interactions

    Effects of other medicinal products on ciprofloxacin:
    Drugs known to prolong QT interval: Ciprofloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, should be used with caution in patients receiving drugs known to prolong QT interval (e.g. Class IA and III anti-arrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolides, antipsychotics).
    Probenecid: Probenecid interferes with renal secretion of ciprofloxacin. Co-administration of probenecid and ciprofloxacin increases ciprofloxacin serum concentrations.
    Metoclopramide: Metoclopramide accelerates the absorption of ciprofloxacin (oral) resulting in a shorter time to reach maximum plasma concentrations. No effect was seen on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin.
    Omeprazole: Concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin and omeprazole containing medicinal products results in a slight reduction of Cmax and AUC of ciprofloxacin.
    Effects of ciprofloxacin on other medicinal products:
    Tizanidine: Tizanidine must not be administered together with ciprofloxacin. In
    a clinical study with healthy subjects, there was an increase in serum tizanidine
    concentration (Cmax increase: 7-fold, range: 4 to 21-fold; AUC increase: 10-fold, range: 6 to 24-fold) when given concomitantly with ciprofloxacin. Increased serum tizanidine concentration is associated with a potentiated hypotensive and sedative effect.
    Methotrexate: Renal tubular transport of methotrexate may be inhibited by concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin, potentially leading to increased plasma levels of methotrexate and increased risk of methotrexate-associated toxic reactions. The concomitant use is not recommended.
    Theophylline: Concurrent administration of ciprofloxacin and theophylline can cause an undesirable increase in serum theophylline concentration. This can lead to theophylline-induced side effects that may rarely be life threatening or fatal. During the combination, serum theophylline concentrations should be checked and the theophylline dose reduced as necessary.
    Other xanthine derivatives: On concurrent administration of ciprofloxacin and caffeine or pentoxifylline (oxpentifylline), raised serum concentrations of these xanthine derivatives were reported.
    Phenytoin: Simultaneous administration of ciprofloxacin and phenytoin may result in increased or reduced serum levels of phenytoin such that monitoring of drug levels is recommended.
    Ciclosporin: A transient rise in the concentration of serum creatinine was observed when ciprofloxacin and ciclosporin containing medicinal products were administered simultaneously. Therefore, it is frequently (twice a week) necessary to control the serum creatinine concentrations in these patients.
    Vitamin K antagonists: Simultaneous administration of ciprofloxacin with a vitamin K antagonist may augment its anticoagulant effects. The risk may vary with the underlying infection, age and general status of the patient so that the contribution of ciprofloxacin to the increase in INR (international normalised ratio) is difficult to assess. The INR should be monitored frequently during and shortly after co-administration of ciprofloxacin with a vitamin K antagonist (e.g., warfarin, acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon, or fluindione).
    Glibenclamide: In particular cases, concurrent administration of ciprofloxacin and glibenclamide containing medicinal products can intensify the action of glibenclamide (hypoglycaemia).
    Duloxetine: In clinical studies, it was demonstrated that concomitant use of duloxetine with strong inhibitors of the CYP450 1A2 isozyme such as fluvoxamine, may result in an increase of AUC and Cmax of duloxetine. Although no clinical data are available on a possible interaction with ciprofloxacin, similar effects can be expected upon concomitant administration.
    Ropinirole: It was shown in a clinical study that concomitant use of ropinirole with ciprofloxacin, a moderate inhibitor of the CYP450 1A2 isozyme, results in an increase of Cmax and AUC of ropinirole by 60% and 84%, respectively. Monitoring of ropinirole-related side effects and dose adjustment as appropriate is recommended during and shortly after co-administration with ciprofloxacin.
    Lidocaine: It was demonstrated in healthy subjects that concomitant use of lidocaine containing medicinal products with ciprofloxacin, a moderate inhibitor of CYP450 1A2 isozyme, reduces clearance of intravenous lidocaine by 22%. Although lidocaine treatment was well tolerated, a possible interaction with ciprofloxacin associated with side effects may occur upon concomitant administration.
    Clozapine: Following concomitant administration of 250 mg ciprofloxacin with clozapine for 7 days, serum concentrations of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine were increased by 29% and 31%, respectively. Clinical surveillance and appropriate adjustment of clozapine dosage during and shortly after co-administration with ciprofloxacin are advised.
    Sildenafil: Cmax and AUC of sildenafil were increased approximately twofold in healthy subjects after an oral dose of 50 mg given concomitantly with 500 mg ciprofloxacin. Therefore, caution should be used prescribing ciprofloxacin concomitantly with sildenafil taking into consideration the risks and the benefits.


    Pregnancy and Lactation

    Pregnancy: The data that are available on administration of ciprofloxacin to pregnant women indicates no malformative or feto/neonatal toxicity of ciprofloxacin. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity. In juvenile and prenatal animals exposed to quinolones, effects on immature cartilage have been observed, thus, it cannot be excluded that the drug could cause damage to articular cartilage in the human immature organism / foetus. As a precautionary measure, it is preferable to avoid the use of ciprofloxacin during pregnancy.
    Lactation: Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk. Due to the potential risk of articular damage, ciprofloxacin should not be used during breast-feeding.


    Overdose

    An overdose of 12 g has been reported to lead to mild symptoms of toxicity. An acute overdose of 16 g has been reported to cause acute renal failure.
    Symptoms in overdose consist of dizziness, tremor, headache, tiredness, seizures, hallucinations, confusion, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment as well as crystalluria and haematuria. Reversible renal toxicity has been reported.
    Apart from routine emergency measures e.g. ventricular emptying followed by
    medical carbon, it is recommended to monitor renal function, including urinary pH and acidify, if required, to prevent crystalluria. Patients should be kept well hydrated.
    Calcium or magnesium containing antacids may theoretically reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin in overdoses.
    Only a small quantity of ciprofloxacin (<10%) is eliminated by haemodialysis or
    peritoneal dialysis.
    In the event of overdose, symptomatic treatment should be implemented. ECG
    monitoring should be undertaken, because of the possibility of QT interval prolongation.


    Important notes

    Storage: Unopened: Store below 25ºC.
    Keep the bottles in the outer carton in order to protect from light. Do not refrigerate or freeze.


    Manufacturer
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