• Home
  • A-B index
  • Pharmacological Index
  • Drug Classes
  • Active Ingredients
  • Companies
  • News
  • Klacid Pediatric Suspension
    / Abbott


    Active Ingredient
    Clarithromycin 125 mg / 5 ml

    Status in Israel
    RX

    Presentation and Status in Health Basket

    Presentation Basket Yarpa Pharmasoft

    Granules

    60 ml

    not in the basket chart 8846 11006

    Suspension

    RDY 60 ml

    not in the basket chart 9051

    Related information


    Indications

    Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, MCA in AIDS. Combined treatment with other drugs for duodenal ulcer with helicobacter pylori, otitis media.


    Contra-Indications

    Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and ergotamine or dihydroergotamine is contraindicated, as this may result in ergot toxicity.
    Clarithromycin should not be given to patients with history of QT prolongation or ventricular cardiac arrhythmia, including torsades de pointe.
    Clarithromycin should not be used concomitantly with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), lovastatin or simvastatin, due to the risk of rhabdomyolysis. Treatment with these agents should be discontinued during clarithromycin treatment.
    Clarithromycin should not be given to patients with hypokalaemia (risk of prolongation of QT-time).
    Clarithromycin should not be used in patients who suffer from severe hepatic failure in combination with renal impairment.


    Special Precautions

    The physician should not prescribe clarithromycin to pregnant women without carefully weighing the benefits against risk, particularly during the first three months of pregnancy.
    Caution is advised in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Cases of fatal hepatic failure have been reported. Some patients may have had preexisting hepatic disease or may have been taking other hepatotoxic medicdbinal products. Patients should be advised to stop treatment and contact their doctor if signs and symptoms of hepatic disease develop, such as anorexia, jaundice, dark urine, pruritus, or tender abdomen. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including macrolides, and may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhoea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents including clarithromycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhoea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon, which may lead to overgrowth of C. difficile. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhoea following antibiotic use. Careful medicdbal history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.
    Therefore, discontinuation of clarithromycin therapy should be considered regardless of the indication. Microbial testing should be performed and adequate treatment initiated. Drugs inhibiting peristalsis should be avoided. Exacerbation of symptoms of myasthenia gravis has been reported in patients receiving clarithromycin therapy. Caution is advised regarding concomitant administration of clarithromycin and triazolobenzodiazepines, such as triazolam, and midazolam. Caution is advised regarding concomitant administration of clarithromycin with other ototoxic drugs, especially with aminoglycosides. Monitoring of vestibular and auditory function should be carried out during and after treatment. Due to the risk for QT prolongation, clarithromycin should be used with caution in patients with coronary artery disease, severe cardiac insufficiency, hypomagnesaemia, bradycardia (Clarithromycin should be used with caution when administered concurrently with medicdbations that induce the cytochrome CYP3A4 enzyme. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: Concomitant use of clarithromycin with lovastatin or simvastatin is contraindicated. As with other macrolides, clarithromycin has been reported to increase concentrations of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Rare reports of rhabdomyolysis have been reported in patients taking these drugs concomitantly. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of myopathy. Rare reports of rhabdomyolysis have also been reported in patients taking atorvastatin or rosuvastatin concomitantly with clarithromycin. When used with clarithromycin, atorvastatin or rosuvastatin should be administered in the lowest possible doses. Adjustment of the statin dose or use of a statin that is not dependent on CYP3A metabolism (e.g. fluvastatin or pravastatin) should be considered.
    Oral hypoglycaemic agents/Insulin: The concomitant use of clarithromycin and oral hypoglycaemic agents and/or insulin can result in significant hypoglycaemia. With certain hypoglycaemic drugs such as nateglinide and repaglinide, inhibition of CYP3A enzyme by clarithromycin may be involved and could cause hypoglycaemia when used concomitantly. Careful monitoring of glucose is recommended.
    Oral anticoagulants: There is a risk of serious haemorrhage and significant elevations in International Normalized Ratio (INR) and prothrombin time when clarithromycin is co-administered with warfarin. INR and prothrombin times should be frequently monitored while patients are receiving clarithromycin and oral anticoagulants concurrently. Use of any antimicrobial therapy, such as clarithromycin, to treat H. pylori infection may select for drugresistant organisms.
    Long-term use may, as with other antibiotics, result in colonisation with increased numbers of nonsusceptible bacteria and fungi. If superinfections occur, appropriate therapy should be instituted.
    Attention should also be paid to the possibility of cross resistance between clarithromycin and other macrolide drugs, as well as lincomycin and clindamycin.


    Side Effects

    Requiring special attention: Acute or continuous diarrhea, strong abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes, allergic reaction, rash, irritation or itching of skin, anaphylaxis reaction. Mild effects may persist: Nausea/vomiting, mild abdominal pain, indigestion, headache, skin rash and change in taste.

     


    Drug interactions

    Effects of Other medicdbinal Products on Clarithromycin Drugs that are inducers of CYP3A ( may induce the metabolism of clarithromycin. This may result in sub-therapeutic levels of clarithromycin leading to reduced efficacy. Furthermore, it might be necessary to monitor the plasma levels of the CYP3A inducer, which could be increased owing to the inhibition of CYP3A by clarithromycin. Concomitant administration of rifabutin and clarithromycin resulted in an increase in rifabutin, and decrease in clarithromycin serum levels together with an increased risk of uveitis. The following drugs are known or suspected to affect circulating concentrations of clarithromycin; clarithromycin dosage adjustment or consideration of alternative treatments may be required. Efavirenz, nevirapine, rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine Strong inducers of the cytochrome P450 metabolism system such as efavirenz, nevirapine, ifampicin, rifabutin, and rifapentine may accelerate the metabolism of clarithromycin and thus lower the plasma levels of clarithromycin, while increasing those of 14-OH-clarithromycin, a metabolite that is also microbiologically active. Since the microbiological activities of clarithromycin and 14-OH-clarithromycin are different for different bacteria, the intended therapeutic effect could be impaired during concomitant administration of clarithromycin and enzymenducers.;
    Fluconazole: Concomitant administration of fluconazole 200 mg daily and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily to 21 healthy volunteers led to increases in the mean steady-state minimum clarithromycin concentration (Cmin) and area under the curve (AUC) of 33% and 18% respectively. Steady state concentrations of the active metabolite 14-OH-clarithromycin were not significantly affected by concomitant administration of fluconazole. No clarithromycin dose adjustment is necessary. Effect of Clarithromycin on Other medicdbinal Products The following drugs or drug classes are known or suspected to be metabolized by the same CYP3A isozyme: pimozide. sildenafil, simvastatin, sirolimus.;
    Antiarrhythmics: There have been post-marketed reports of torsade de points occurring with the concurrent use of clarithromycin and quinidine or disopyramide. Electrocardiograms should be monitored for QTc prolongation during co-administration of clarithromycin with these drugs. Serum levels of quinidine and disopyramide should be monitored during clarithromycin therapy.;
    Omeprazole: Clarithromycin (500 mg every 8 hours) was given in combination with omeprazole (40 mg daily) to healthy adult subjects. The steady-state plasma concentrations of omeprazole were increased (Cmax, AUC0-24, and t1/2 increased by 30%, 89%, and 34%, respectively), by the concomitant administration of clarithromycin. The mean 24-hour gastric pH value was 5.2 when omeprazole was administered alone and 5.7 when omeprazole was co-administered with clarithromycin.;
    Sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil: Each of these phosphodiesterase inhibitors is metabolised, at least in part, by CYP3A, and CYP3A may be inhibited by concomitantly administered larithromycin. Co-administration of clarithromycin with sildenafil, tadalafil or vardenafil would likely result in increased phosphodiesterase inhibitor exposure. Reduction of sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil dosages should be considered when these drugs are co-administered with clarithromycin.;
    Theophylline, carbamazepine: Results of clinical studies indicate that there was a modest but statistically significant (p 0.05) increase of circulating theophylline or carbamazepine levels when either of these drugs were administered concomitantly with clarithromycin. Dose reduction may need to be considered.;
    Tolterodine: The primary route of metabolism for tolterodine is via the 2D6 isoform of cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6). However, in a subset of the population devoid of CYP2D6, the identified pathway of metabolism is via CYP3A. In this population subset, inhibition of CYP3A results in significantly higher serum concentrations of tolterodine. A reduction in tolterodine dosage may be necessary in the presence of CYP3A inhibitors,such as clarithromycin in the CYP2D6 poor metaboliser population.;
    Triazolobenzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam, midazolam, triazolam) When midazolam was co-administered with clarithromycin tablets (500 mg twice daily), midazolam AUC was increased 2.7-fold after intravenous administration of midazolam and 7-fold after oral administration. Concomitant administration of oral midazolam and clarithromycin should be avoided. If intravenous midazolam is co-administered with clarithromycin, the patient must be closely monitored to allow dose adjustment. The same precautions should also apply to other benzodiazepines that are metabolised by CYP3A, including triazolam and alprazolam. For benzodiazepines which are not dependent on CYP3A for their elimination (temazepam, nitrazepam, lorazepam), a clinically important interaction with clarithromycin is unlikely. There have been post-marketing reports of drug interactions and central nervous system (CNS) effects (e.g., somnolence and confusion) with the concomitant use of clarithromycin and triazolam. Monitoring the patient for increased CNS pharmacological effects is suggested.


    Manufacturer
    Abbvie SRL, Italy
    CLOSE